Machine learning (ML) has found broad applicability in quantum information science in topics as diverse as experimental design, state classification, and even studies on quantum foundations. Here, we experimentally realize an approach for defining custom prior distributions that are automatically tuned using ML for use with Bayesian quantum state estimation methods. Previously, researchers have looked to Bayesian quantum state tomography due to its unique advantages like natural uncertainty quantification, the return of reliable estimates under any measurement condition, and minimal mean-squared error. However, practical challenges related to long computation times and conceptual issues concerning how to incorporate prior knowledge most suitably can overshadow these benefits. Using both simulated and experimental measurement results, we demonstrate that ML-defined prior distributions reduce net convergence times and provide a natural way to incorporate both implicit and explicit information directly into the prior distribution. These results constitute a promising path toward practical implementations of Bayesian quantum state tomography.

大气效应（例如湍流和背景热噪声）抑制了在开关键控自由空间光学通信中使用的相干光的传播。在这里，我们介绍并实验验证了卷积神经网络，以降低后处理中自由空间光学通信的位错误率，而自由空间光学通信的位比基于高级光学器件的现有解决方案明显简单，更便宜。我们的方法由两个神经网络组成，这是第一个确定在热噪声和湍流中存在相干位序列以及第二个解调相干位序列的存在。通过生成连贯的光线，将它们与热灯结合在一起，并通过湍流的水箱将其结合起来，通过生成开关的键入键流，可以通过实验获得我们网络的所有数据，从而获得了模拟的湍流，并将其传递给了最终的光线。高度准确性。我们的卷积神经网络提高了与阈值分类方案相比的检测准确性，并具有与当前解调和误差校正方案集成的能力。

我们描述了我们使用对CAD表示的深度学习来推断机械组件中交配部分之间的自由度的工作。我们使用由CAD零件和配偶将它们组成的大型实际机械组件的大型数据集训练我们的模型。我们提出了重新定义这些伴侣的方法，以使它们更好地反映组件的运动，并缩小可能的运动轴。我们还进行了一项用户研究，以创建具有更可靠标签的运动声音测试集。

人类服务系统做出关键决策，影响社会中的个人。美国儿童福利系统做出了这样的决定，从筛查热线报告的报告报告，涉嫌虐待或忽视儿童保护性调查，使儿童接受寄养，再到将儿童返回永久家庭环境。这些对儿童生活的复杂而有影响力的决定取决于儿童福利决策者的判断。儿童福利机构一直在探索使用包括机器学习（ML）的经验，数据信息的方法来支持这些决策的方法。本文描述了ML支持儿童福利决策的概念框架。 ML框架指导儿童福利机构如何概念化ML可以解决的目标问题；兽医可用的管理数据用于构建ML；制定和开发ML规格，以反映机构正在进行的相关人群和干预措施；随着时间的流逝，部署，评估和监视ML作为儿童福利环境，政策和实践变化。道德考虑，利益相关者的参与以及避免框架的影响和成功的共同陷阱。从摘要到具体，我们描述了该框架的一种应用，以支持儿童福利决策。该ML框架虽然以儿童福利为中心，但可以推广用于解决其他公共政策问题。

我们介绍了一个自由视的渲染方法 - Humannerf - 这对人类进行了复杂的身体运动的给定单曲视频工作，例如，来自YouTube的视频。我们的方法可以在任何帧中暂停视频，并从任意新相机视点呈现对象，甚至是该特定帧和身体姿势的完整360度摄像机路径。这项任务特别具有挑战性，因为它需要合成身体的光电型细节，如从输入视频中可能不存在的各种相机角度所见，以及合成布折叠和面部外观的细细节。我们的方法优化了在规范T型姿势中的人的体积表示，同时通过运动场，该运动场通过向后的警报将估计的规范表示映射到视频的每个帧。运动场分解成骨骼刚性和非刚性运动，由深网络产生。我们对现有工作显示出显着的性能改进，以及从移动人类的单眼视频的令人尖锐的观点渲染的阐释示例，以挑战不受控制的捕获场景。

我们最近开发了一种深入的学习方法，可以通过观察材料晶体的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像来确定材料的临界峰值应力。然而，它已经稍微不清楚网络在其预测时键入网络的图像特征。在计算机愿景中常见的是采用可解释的AI显着图，告诉一个图像的图像对网络的决定很重要。人们通常可以通过查看这些突出位置来推导重要的特征。然而，SEM的晶体图像比自然图像照片更摘要。结果，不容易判断在最突出的位置是什么重要的。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了一种方法，可以帮助我们将SEM图像中的重要位置从SEM图像中的重要位置映射到更易于解释的非抽象纹理。

在本文中，我们介绍了四种突出的恶意软件检测工具的科学评估，以帮助组织提出两个主要问题：基于ML的工具在多大程度上对以前和从未见过的文件进行了准确的分类？是否值得购买网络级恶意软件检测器？为了识别弱点，我们针对各种文件类型的总计3,536个文件（2,554或72 \％恶意，982或28 \％良性）测试了每个工具，包括数百个恶意零日，polyglots和apt-style-style style文件，在多个协议上交付。我们介绍了有关检测时间和准确性的统计结果，请考虑互补分析（一起使用多个工具），并提供了近期成本效益评估程序的两种新颖应用。尽管基于ML的工具在检测零日文件和可执行文件方面更有效，但基于签名的工具仍然是总体上更好的选择。两种基于网络的工具都与任何一种主机工具配对时都可以进行大量（模拟）节省，但两者在HTTP或SMTP以外的协议上都显示出较差的检测率。我们的结果表明，所有四个工具都具有几乎完美的精度但令人震惊的召回率，尤其是在可执行文件和Office文件以外的文件类型上 - 未检测到37％的恶意软件，包括所有Polyglot文件。给出了研究人员的优先事项，并给出了最终用户的外卖。

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.

We present Muse, a text-to-image Transformer model that achieves state-of-the-art image generation performance while being significantly more efficient than diffusion or autoregressive models. Muse is trained on a masked modeling task in discrete token space: given the text embedding extracted from a pre-trained large language model (LLM), Muse is trained to predict randomly masked image tokens. Compared to pixel-space diffusion models, such as Imagen and DALL-E 2, Muse is significantly more efficient due to the use of discrete tokens and requiring fewer sampling iterations; compared to autoregressive models, such as Parti, Muse is more efficient due to the use of parallel decoding. The use of a pre-trained LLM enables fine-grained language understanding, translating to high-fidelity image generation and the understanding of visual concepts such as objects, their spatial relationships, pose, cardinality etc. Our 900M parameter model achieves a new SOTA on CC3M, with an FID score of 6.06. The Muse 3B parameter model achieves an FID of 7.88 on zero-shot COCO evaluation, along with a CLIP score of 0.32. Muse also directly enables a number of image editing applications without the need to fine-tune or invert the model: inpainting, outpainting, and mask-free editing. More results are available at https://muse-model.github.io

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) captures cross-sectional data and is used for the screening, monitoring, and treatment planning of retinal diseases. Technological developments to increase the speed of acquisition often results in systems with a narrower spectral bandwidth, and hence a lower axial resolution. Traditionally, image-processing-based techniques have been utilized to reconstruct subsampled OCT data and more recently, deep-learning-based methods have been explored. In this study, we simulate reduced axial scan (A-scan) resolution by Gaussian windowing in the spectral domain and investigate the use of a learning-based approach for image feature reconstruction. In anticipation of the reduced resolution that accompanies wide-field OCT systems, we build upon super-resolution techniques to explore methods to better aid clinicians in their decision-making to improve patient outcomes, by reconstructing lost features using a pixel-to-pixel approach with an altered super-resolution generative adversarial network (SRGAN) architecture.